Early Cricket (Pre 1799)...
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| The History of cricket by Jeeto Sports. |
Cricket On Artillery Ground
There is consensus among experts that cricket may have been invented during Saxon or Norman times by children living in the Weald, an area of dense woodland and clearing in southeast England. The first mention of cricket being played as an adult sport dates back to 1611, and in the same year, the dictionary defined cricket as a boy's game. There is also the idea that cricket may have originated from bowls, the intervention of a batsman trying to stop the ball from reaching its target by hitting it.
Village cricket developed in the mid-17th century, and the first English "county teams" were formed in the second half of the century, as "local experts" from village cricket were employed as the first professionals. The first known game in which teams use county names is from 1709.
Early village cricket.
In the first half of the 18th century, cricket established itself as a leading sport in London and the southeastern counties of England. Its spread was limited by travel restrictions, but it slowly gained popularity in other parts of England, and Women’s Cricket dates back to 1745 when the first known match was played in Surrey.
The first laws of cricket were written in 1744 and subsequently amended in 1774 when innovations such as lbw, 3rd stump, - middle stump, and maximum width of the bat were added. The Codes were drawn up by the "Star and Garter Club", whose members eventually founded the famous Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1787. The MCC immediately became the custodian of the laws and has carried out revisions ever since until the present day.
First cases of cricket.
Rolling the ball on the ground was replaced sometime after 1760 when pitchers began to throw the ball and in response to this innovation, the straight bat replaced the old "hockey stick" style of bat. The Hambledon Club in Hampshire was central to the game for about thirty years until the formation of the MCC and the opening of Lord's Cricket Ground in 1787.
Cricket was introduced to North America by the English colonies as early as the 17th century and spread to other parts of the world in the 18th century. It was introduced to the West Indies by colonists and to India by sailors of the British East India Company. It reached Australia almost immediately after the start of colonization in 1788, and New Zealand and South Africa in the early years of the 19th century.
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19th Century Cricket...
England v Australia in 1899
The development of the railway network also helped the spread of cricket, as teams far apart could play each other without a time-consuming journey. Not only that, but spectators were able to travel longer distances for matches, increasing the size of crowds. British Army units around the world encouraged locals to play, which increased the number of teams across the old British Empire.
Women's cricket played a significant role in the development of the sport in the 19th century and the first women's county match was played in 1811. Women's matches were often played in front of large crowds, particularly in southern England and Australia. Women's sides started playing the sport in the 1890s.
WG Grace
Overarm bowling was legalized in 1864, 1864 also marked a significant first with the publication of the first Wisden Cricket Almanac, which continues to this day. In the same year, W.G. Grace began his long and influential career and did much to increase the popularity of cricket.
The first-ever international cricket match was played between the USA and Canada in 1844 at St George's Cricket Club in New York and in 1859 a team of leading English professionals visited North America on the first ever overseas tour. In 1862 the first English team toured Australia and six years later an Australian Aboriginal team toured England in what was the first Australian cricket team to tour overseas.
Ivo Bligh's England Cricket Team
In 1877, an English touring team played two matches in Australia against full Australian elevens, which are now considered to be the first Test matches. The following year the Australians toured England for the first time and the success of this tour ensured a popular demand for similar ventures in the future. At The Oval in 1882, Australia's victory in a thrilling finish gave rise to The Ashes. South Africa subsequently became the third Test nation in 1889.
In 1890, an official County Championship was established in England. The Currie Cup began in South Africa in 1889-90 and the Sheffield Shield in Australia three years later. The period from 1890 to the outbreak of the First World War became known as the "Golden Age of Cricket" as it saw a number of great names such as Grace, Wilfred Rhodes, C.B. Fry, Ranjitsinhji and Victor Trumper.
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20th Century Cricket...
The Indian cricket team in the 1930s
When the Imperial Cricket Conference (as the ICC was originally called) was founded in 1909, only England, Australia, and South Africa were members. However, the West Indies (1928), New Zealand (1930), and India (1932) became Test nations before the Second World War, and Pakistan (1952) soon after. Cricket in these countries grew rapidly with the advent of Test Cricket and domestic competitions gradually became more formalized as the West Indies created an island first-class competition, New Zealand continued its Plunkett Shield, which dates back to 1906, India introduced the Ranji trophy in 1934 and Pakistan's establishment of the Quaid-e-Azam trophy in 1953.
The early 20th century also saw cricket take its first major international steps and in 1934 the first ever Test match was played between England and Australia. he further developed the women's game and it was in 1973 that the first Cricket World Cup of any kind was held. The Women's World Cup was hosted by England, who claimed the inaugural cup with captain Rachel Heyhoe-Flint at the helm.
After the post-war boom, the 1950s were characterized by slow play and lower runs, and this defensive nature of county cricket led to a gradual decline in attendances. In response, in 1963, English county teams began playing a version of cricket with only one innings and a maximum number of overs per innings. Limited-overs cricket grew in popularity and a national league was formed in 1969, which subsequently caused a reduction in the number of matches in the county championship.
The first women's international
In 1970, South Africa was suspended indefinitely from international cricket due to apartheid, so the South African Cricket Board began funding so-called "rebel tours" for international players to form teams and tour South Africa. The rebel tour continued into the 1980s, but when it became clear that apartheid was ending, South Africa was welcomed back into international sport in 1991. South Africa played in the 1992 World Cup and played their "return" Test match against the West Indies soon after. April in Barbados.
The first limited-overs international was played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in 1971 as a fill-in after a Test match was abandoned due to heavy rain in the opening days. The International Cricket Conference (as it then was) responded to this development by staging the first Men's Cricket World Cup in England in 1975, featuring all the nations of the day and the West Indies triumphing at Lord's in the final.
In 1977, Kerry Packer signed some of the best players in the world to a privately run cricket league outside the structure of international cricket. World Series Cricket recruited some of the banned South African players and allowed them to showcase their skills on the international stage against other world class players. This only lasted two years, but the longer-term results of World Series Cricket included the introduction of significantly higher player salaries and innovations such as colored kits and night games. It wasn't long before many of these innovations crossed over into international cricket.
South Africa returns to international cricket
Such was the success of the inaugural World Cup, it was decided to become a regular part of the calendar and further Cricket World Cups were held in England in 1979 and 1983 before the tournament moved to India and Pakistan in 1987, the last event to is played with a red ball with white clothing. 1992 saw the start of a new era of World Cup Cricket with floodlights, colorful outfits and a white ball.
In 1992, the use of a third umpire to decide televised appeals was introduced for the first time in the Test series between South Africa and India. The duties of the third umpire subsequently expanded to include decisions on other aspects of the game such as stumping, catching, and boundaries.
The international game continued to grow as several associates and associate members of the ICC became involved in expanding domestic competitions and then onto the international scene. And in the latter years of the 20th century, three of these countries also became Test nations: Sri Lanka (1982), Zimbabwe (1992), and Bangladesh (2000).
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21st Century Cricket...
India and Pakistan competing in the first ICC WT20 2007
The 21st century has seen some of the most rapid changes in the game's history, perhaps none more so than the creation of a new format for the sport, the shortest version of which is the three-hour spectacle of Twenty20 cricket.
The advent of Twenty20 cricket, played for the first time in England cricket in 2003, led to a major innovation in the game. To counter the loose-scoring batsmen with big shots and shots played in all 360 degrees, bowlers began to perfect a large number of different deliveries and the quality of the game skyrocketed. In 2004, the first Women's International Twenty20 was played and the following year saw the first Men's International Twenty20, with the format being adopted as the sport's third official format.
In September 2007, India's victory over Pakistan in the final of the first ever ICC World Twenty20, played in Johannesburg, attracted a global television audience of over 400 million. This was the catalyst for the creation of the Indian Premier League the following year. With more Twenty20 leagues launched around the world, modern cricketers in the 21st century struggle to play cricket all year round.
In the new century, the ICC also introduced the "Test Master's Table" in 2001. The following year, the "One Day International Championship Table" was introduced. These have evolved into what is now the official MRF Tires ICC Team Rankings across all three formats of the game, with the Test leaders holding the ICC Test Championship Mace.
Women's cricket has developed significantly
The ICC has also expanded its development program to create more national teams capable of competing in different formats. In 2004, the ICC Intercontinental Cup brought first-class cricket to 12 countries, mostly for the first time, while the structure of the World Cricket League brought competitive limited-overs cricket to many new countries, and some associated countries experienced memorable successes in the global market. a leg with Kenya, Ireland, Afghanistan and the Netherlands that produced famous victories at the ICC Global Events.
Afghanistan and Ireland have been rewarded for their consistent performances on and off the field, leading to significant development and growth of cricket in their respective countries with full member status in June 2017, bringing the number to 12.
There have also been innovations on the field, the introduction of Limited Overs cricket including power plays affecting fielding restrictions, the use of two new balls in One Day Internationals and even dugouts for incoming batsmen in Twenty20 cricket. There was also a huge development in Test Match cricket as the Adelaide Oval hosted the first ever day-night Test Match between Australia and New Zealand using a specially developed pink ball.
Associated Nation Success in the 21st Century
The game has also seen many recent technological evolutions such as ball tracking, flashing stumps and bails to ensure accurate fielding decisions, infrared cameras and edge detection technology can be used to see if the batsman has hit the ball and Duckworth. -The lewis-Stern method is used to calculate goals and results in the event of inclement weather in limited-run matches.
In 2008, a new referral system made its international debut in the series between India and Sri Lanka, in which players could refer some on-field decisions to a third umpire. This evolved to become the official decision review system.
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